References

References: Science in Detail 12 · The Sex Ratio, in the Human Record

  1. Snopes, 'Was Fake Snow Made from Asbestos Marketed as Christmas Decor?'
  2. Castleman BI. 'Asbestos: Medical and Legal Aspects.' 5th ed., Aspen Publishers, 2005.
  3. Aulerich RJ, Ringer RK. Current status of PCB toxicity to mink, and effect on their reproduction. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 6(1):279-292, 1977.
  4. Basu N, et al. Mink as a sentinel species in environmental health. Environmental Research 103(1):130-144, 2007.
  5. Macdonald RW, Barrie LA, Bidleman TF, et al. Contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: 5 years of progress in understanding sources, occurrence and pathways. Science of the Total Environment 254(2-3):93-234, 2000.
  6. AMAP. Arctic Pollution 2009: Persistent Organic Pollutants. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Oslo, 2009.
  7. Boisen KA et al., 'Difference in prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in infants between two Nordic countries,' Lancet 363(9417):1264–1269, 2004.
  8. Toppari J et al., 'Cryptorchidism and hypospadias as a sign of testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS),' Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 88(10):910–919, 2010.
  9. Gurney JK et al., 'International Trends in the Incidence of Testicular Cancer: Lessons from 35 Years and 41 Countries,' Eur Urol 76(5):615–623, 2019.
  10. Znaor A et al., 'International testicular cancer incidence trends: generational transitions in 38 countries 1900–1990,' Cancer Causes Control 26(1):151–158, 2015.
  11. Woodruff TJ, Zota AR, Schwartz JM. Environmental chemicals in pregnant women in the United States: NHANES 2003-2004. Environmental Health Perspectives 119(6):878-885 (2011).
  12. CDC. National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (latest update).
  13. Osterman MJK, Hamilton BE, Martin JA, et al. "Births: Final Data for 2023." National Vital Statistics Reports, CDC/NCHS, 2025. (3,596,017 U.S. births in 2023.)
  14. CDC/NCHS. "FastStats: Births and Natality."
  15. Boisen KA, Kaleva M, Main KM, et al. "Difference in prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in infants between two Nordic countries." The Lancet 363(9417):1264-1269, 2004.
  16. Skakkebaek NE, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Buck Louis GM, et al. "Male reproductive disorders and fertility trends." Physiological Reviews 96(1):55-97, 2016.
  17. Davis DL, Gottlieb MB, Stampnitzky JR, 'Reduced ratio of male to female births in several industrial countries: a sentinel health indicator?' JAMA 279(13): 1018-1023, 1998.
  18. Hamilton, Brady E. et al., 'Births: Provisional Data for 2023,' Vital Statistics Rapid Release No. 35, CDC/NCHS, 2024.
  19. United Nations, 'World Population Prospects 2024,' Population Division.
  20. Mathews, T.J. and Hamilton, B.E., 'Mean Age of Mothers is on the Rise: United States, 2000-2014,' NCHS Data Brief No. 232, January 2016.
  21. OECD Family Database, 'Mean age of women at birth of first child,' SF2.3.
  22. Smalling KL, et al. 'Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in United States tapwater: Comparison of underserved private-well and public-supply exposures and associated health implications.' Environment International 178:108033 (2023).
  23. Environmental Working Group. 'PFAS Contamination in the U.S.' (interactive map).