References

References: Chapter 23 · What Actually Protects You

  1. Lu C, Toepel K, Irish R, et al. Organic Diets Significantly Lower Children's Dietary Exposure to Organophosphorus Pesticides. Environmental Health Perspectives 114(2):260-263 (2006).
  2. Oates L, Cohen M, Braun L, et al. Reduction in urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolites in adults after a week-long organic diet. Environmental Research 132:105-111 (2014).
  3. Curl CL, Beresford SAA, Fenske RA, et al. Effect of a 24-week randomized trial of an organic produce intervention on pyrethroid and organophosphate exposure; and Hyland C, et al. Organic diet intervention significantly reduces urinary pesticide levels in U.S. children and adults. Environmental Research 171:568-575 (2019).
  4. UC Berkeley School of Public Health. Organic diet intervention significantly reduces urinary pesticide levels in U.S. children and adults (2019).
  5. Hyland C et al. (2019). Effect of a 24-Week Randomized Trial of an Organic Produce Intervention on Pyrethroid and Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure among Pregnant Women.
  6. Bradman A et al. (2015). Effect of Organic Diet Intervention on Pesticide Exposures. Environmental Health Perspectives 123(10):1086-1093.
  7. Muncke J (2009). Exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds via the food chain — is packaging a relevant source? Science of the Total Environment 407(16):4549-4559.
  8. Fasano E et al. (2012). Migration of phthalates, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate from food packaging. Food Control 27(1):132-138.
  9. Environmental Working Group. EWG's 2024 Shopper's Guide to Pesticides in Produce — Dirty Dozen.
  10. USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. Pesticide Data Program Annual Summary (2022).
  11. Schreiber L. Polar Paths of Diffusion across Plant Cuticles: New Evidence for an Old Hypothesis. Annals of Botany 95(7):1069-1073 (2005).
  12. USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. Pesticide Data Program Annual Summaries.
  13. Environmental Working Group. EWG's Shopper's Guide to Pesticides in Produce — Dirty Dozen.
  14. USDA Agricultural Marketing Service. Pesticide Data Program (PDP) Annual Summary.
  15. Environmental Working Group. EWG's Tap Water Database.
  16. Environmental Working Group. Methodology for the EWG Tap Water Database.
  17. FDA. What You Can Do to Limit Exposure to Arsenic.
  18. Healthy Babies Bright Futures, May 2025; cooking-method study PMID 26515534.
  19. Mok S, et al. 'Bisphenol A leaching from epoxy resins in drinking water distribution networks as a human health risk determinant.' Science of the Total Environment, 2021.
  20. 'Release of Bisphenol A and Other Volatile Chemicals from New Epoxy Drinking Water Pipe Liners.' Environmental Science & Technology, 2024 (PMC11741100).
  21. Herkert NJ, Merrill J, Peters C, et al. Assessing the Effectiveness of Point-of-Use Residential Drinking Water Filters for Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs). Environmental Science & Technology Letters 7(3):178-184 (2020).
  22. NSF International. NSF/ANSI 53 and 58 — Drinking Water Treatment Units, contaminant reduction claims.
  23. USDA Agricultural Marketing Service / FSIS - egg and poultry labeling terms (free-range, cage-free, pasture-raised).
  24. Federal Trade Commission / USDA guidance on animal-raising claims on labels.
  25. Hayes TB et al. "Hermaphroditic, demasculinized frogs after exposure to the herbicide atrazine at low ecologically relevant doses." PNAS 99(8):5476-5480 (2002).
  26. Hayes TB et al. "Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis)." PNAS 107(10):4612-4617 (2010).
  27. US EPA, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Atrazine MCL 0.003 mg/L (3 ppb).
  28. NSF consumer resources, 'PFAS in Drinking Water' and 'NSF Standards for Water Treatment Systems'; NSF news, 'Drinking Water Treatment Units Must Now Meet Stricter Requirements for Lead Reduction Certification'. Read via search extraction 2026-09-07; pages not directly openable.
  29. CDC, Home Water Treatment / Water Filters, step 3. Opened directly 2026-09-07; lists NSF/ANSI 42 taste and odor, 53 cyst reduction, 58 reverse osmosis, 62 distillation.
  30. U.S. EPA. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations — Contaminant MCL table (atrazine, 0.003 mg/L).
  31. U.S. EPA. Consumer Factsheet / Atrazine Background, Office of Pesticide Programs.
  32. US Environmental Protection Agency. 'Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) Federal Reporting.'
  33. Rochester JR, Bolden AL. Bisphenol S and F: A Systematic Review and Comparison of the Hormonal Activity of Bisphenol A Substitutes. Environmental Health Perspectives 123(7):643-650 (2015).
  34. Eladak S, Grisin T, Moison D, et al. A new chapter in the bisphenol A story: bisphenol S and bisphenol F are not safe alternatives to this compound. Fertility and Sterility 103(1):11-21 (2015).
  35. Liao C, Kannan K. "Widespread occurrence of bisphenol A in paper and paper products: implications for human exposure." Environmental Science & Technology 45(21):9372–9379 (2011).
  36. Environmental Working Group. "BPA Coats Cash Register Receipts" (2010).
  37. Toxic-Free Future et al., 'Skip the Slip' report — thermal receipt testing finding ~9 of 10 receipts contain BPA or BPS.
  38. Liao C, Kannan K (2011). Determination of BPA in paper products including thermal receipts. Environmental Science & Technology 45(21):9372-9379.
  39. Hormann AM, vom Saal FS, et al. Holding thermal receipt paper and eating food after using hand sanitizer results in high serum bioactive and urine total levels of bisphenol A (BPA). PLoS ONE. 2014;9(10):e110509.
  40. Biedermann S, Tschudin P, Grob K. Transfer of bisphenol A from thermal printer paper to the skin. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2010;398(1):571-576.
  41. Liao C et al. (2012). Bisphenol S, a New Bisphenol Analogue, in Paper Products and Currency Bills and Its Association with Bisphenol A Residues. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(12), 6515-6522.
  42. Biedermann S, Tschudin P, Grob K (2010). Transfer of bisphenol A from thermal printer paper to the skin. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 398(1), 571-576.
  43. Hormann AM et al. (2014). Holding thermal receipt paper and eating food after using hand sanitizer results in high serum bioactive and urine total levels of bisphenol A (BPA). PLoS ONE, 9(10), e110509.
  44. Biedermann S et al. (2010). Transfer of bisphenol A from thermal printer paper to the skin. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 398(1), 571-576.
  45. Liao C, Kannan K. Environ Sci Technol 45(21):9372-9379 (2011).
  46. Liao C, Liu F, Kannan K. 'Bisphenol S, a new bisphenol analogue, in paper products and currency bills and its association with bisphenol A residues.' Environ Sci Technol 46(12):6515-6522 (2012).
  47. Ndaw S, et al. 'Occupational exposure of cashiers to bisphenol A via thermal paper: urinary biomonitoring study.' Int Arch Occup Environ Health 89(6):935-946 (2016).
  48. Braun JM, et al. 'Variability and predictors of urinary bisphenol A concentrations during pregnancy.' Environ Health Perspect 119(1):131-137 (2011).
  49. Ndaw S, et al. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 89(6):935-946 (2016) — documents real occupational BPA exposure in cashiers.
  50. Center for Environmental Health. 'On the Receipt End of Exposure: A report on BPA and BPS in thermal receipt paper' (2018).
  51. Endocrine Society & IPEN, 'Introduction to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs): A Guide for Public Interest Organizations and Policy-Makers,' 2014; and Endocrine Society Scientific Statement (Gore et al., Endocrine Reviews, 2015)
  52. WHO/UNEP, 'State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals,' 2012
  53. Hormann AM, vom Saal FS, Nagel SC et al. Holding thermal receipt paper and eating food after using hand sanitizer results in high serum bioactive and urine total levels of bisphenol A (BPA). PLOS ONE 9(10):e110509 (2014).
  54. Thayer KA et al. Bisphenol A, bisphenol S, and 4-hydroxyphenyl 4-isoprooxyphenylsulfone (BPSIP) in urine and blood of cashiers. Environmental Health Perspectives 124(4):437-444 (2016).
  55. AMA Journal of Ethics, 2001.
  56. U.S. FDA, 'Frances Oldham Kelsey: Medical Reviewer...'
  57. Lear, L. (1997). Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature. Henry Holt — chronology of pre-publication actions (Velsicol letter Aug 2, 1962; Sept 27, 1962 publication).
  58. Graham, F. Jr. (1970). Since Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin.
  59. Lear, L. (1997). Rachel Carson: Witness for Nature. Henry Holt — McLean letter's implicit libel threat.
  60. Lytle, M. H. (2007). The Gentle Subversive. Oxford University Press — Velsicol's libel implication.